Montana

Where Montana sits

The non-resident share of research doctorates, against the same figure for the country. That is 21.5 points below the national figure of 38.9%. The pattern this site measures nationally is weaker here, not stronger.

Montana ranks 50 of 52 states on that share, and 46 of 56 on the number of research doctorates it awards. Rank 1 is the highest. Only states that award doctorates are ranked.

Undergraduate and graduate, side by side

The same institutions at two levels. Undergraduate is the remainder once graduate enrolment is taken out of the total, and both levels carry their own non-resident count. In Montana the graduate share is 5.3 points higher than the undergraduate share.

Click any column heading to sort. Click it again to reverse. The panel under the table narrows what is shown — everything is shown until you ask for less.

The two levels diverge most at Montana Technological University: 1.4% of its 1,435 undergraduates and 14.4% of its 187 graduate students. These are different admissions systems with different applicant pools, different money and different reasons to say yes, and a single state figure hides both.

392 of 34,570 undergraduates and 371 of 5,781 graduate students. IPEDS reports no graduate enrolment for 5 of these institutions; their rows show a dash rather than a zero, because the file not carrying a number is not the same as the number being none.

What the state figure is an average of

The largest graduate enrolments in Montana, each with its own non-resident share. Nothing here is excluded from the figures above. The point is to show what they are made of.

Practical training, and the other student visas

A student visa does not end at graduation. Optional Practical Training lets a graduate work on the same visa, and a STEM degree adds a further twenty-four months. It applies at both levels, so the undergraduate share above is not the end of the story.

No institution in Montana appears in SEVP’s published lists, which cover the top 100 and top 200 schools for OPT and STEM OPT. There is therefore no published practical training figure for this state. That is a fact about what the agency releases, not a statement that no one here is on OPT.

J-1 physicians. Montana is not in the published top twelve states for J-1 physicians in graduate medical education, which is the only state breakdown ECFMG publishes. That is an absence from a short list, not a zero.

In-state against out-of-state

Public four-year institutions, FY2024. Every foreign student pays the out-of-state rate, so this is the price attached to the non-resident column everywhere else on this page.

An out-of-state student in Montana is worth 3.28× an in-state one to the institution. They are 41.5% of the students and 65.9% of the tuition revenue.

Out-of-state is not the same as foreign. SHEEO counts international students and domestic students from other states in one column. This shows what a non-resident pays, never how many of them are foreign. Figures are net tuition and fee revenue per full-time-equivalent student — what the institution actually collected after its own aid, not the published price. Public four-year institutions only; medical FTE excluded.

Every institution

Largest first by total enrolment. A dash means the institution awards none of that degree, or that no federal research money was matched to it.

Degrees are pooled over 2021–2025. Enrolment and federal money are the most recent year in the file. “Non-res” means a student here on a temporary visa, almost always F-1 or J-1. A green card holder is not counted in it.

How few institutions this is

Of the 15 institutions in Montana, 3 award a research doctorate at all, and the largest two award 98.0% of them. A state’s graduate pipeline is a much smaller thing than its list of colleges.

The foreign share of graduate students, where the survey reaches

The NSF Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates asks institutions directly, and it covers 3 of the 15 institutions in Montana. It is a different measure from the degree counts above: enrolled students rather than degrees awarded.

What the state itself puts in

State appropriations per full-time-equivalent student, from the SHEEO finance survey, against the change in the foreign share of graduate enrolment over the same window.

These two rows move for their own reasons. Nothing here shows that one caused the other, and the page does not say it did.

Department by department

The dissertation corpus reaches 2 institutions in this state, covering 14 departments. None of them is majority non-resident.

From the dissertation corpus, which is built from what universities publish about their own graduates. It covers the institutions on this site, not every institution in the state, so it is a floor.

What is not published for a state this size

Two of the measures this site uses elsewhere do not exist at this scale, and the reason is the same in both cases: the agency publishes a ranked extract rather than the whole file.

• Practical training is not published here. SEVP releases the top 100 and top 200 schools for OPT and STEM OPT, not every school. An institution outside those lists has no published figure at all. Its absence is a fact about the list, not about the institution, and it must never be read as a zero.
• Student visa counts are not published by state. DHS reports SEVIS records nationally and names a few states per region in its commentary. For most states it publishes a percentage change and no count, so the number of foreign students physically in a state cannot be read off the federal release.
• Enrolment is the measure that does exist. IPEDS asks every institution directly, which is why this page is built from it. It counts students enrolled, not visas issued, and the two are different questions.

Method and limits

• Non-resident means here on a temporary visa. IPEDS defines it as a person “who is not a citizen or national of the United States and who is in this country on a visa or temporary basis and does not have the right to remain indefinitely.” A green card holder is therefore never counted here. Neither is a refugee or an asylee. Those students are reported in the race and ethnicity categories alongside citizens. For students the category is overwhelmingly F-1 and J-1.
• It is not ethnicity and not country of origin. A US-born citizen of any background is never non-resident. The status is recorded when the student enrols, for the enrolment figures, and when the degree is awarded, for the degree counts. These files cannot be split any other way.
• Degrees are pooled over 2021–2025, because a single year at a small institution moves on one student.
• Enrolment and awards are different measures and will not agree. One counts people on a given day; the other counts degrees conferred over five years.
• Federal money is matched to a campus, and a system that reports centrally can carry money its branches spend.
• This page shows composition, not displacement. It records who received the degrees. It does not show that anyone was kept out, and nothing here should be read that way.

Built by scripts/build_state_pages.py from institution_profiles.json, state_funding_and_enrolment.json and university_distribution.json. Compare the country on the national overview.